About Lesson
English has 26 letters, written in two forms:
Lowercase (Small) |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
Uppercase (Capital) |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
Lowercase (Small) |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z |
Uppercase (Capital) |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
Pronunciation Rules for Key Consonants
- Letter (B)
- Pronounced like Arabic ب (as in “book” – كتاب).
- Examples:
- book (كتاب) | bed (سرير) | big (كبير)
- Silent when it comes after m at the end of a word.
- Examples:
- climb (يتسلق) | lamb (حمل) | comb (مشط)
- Letter (C)
- Pronounced as (K):
- Examples:
- cold (بارد) | car (سيارة) | camel (جمل)
- Pronounced as (S) when followed by e, i, y:
- Examples:
- nice (لطيف) | city (مدينة) | cycle (دراجة)
- Silent after s:
- Examples:
- scissors (مقص) | muscle (عضلة)
- Letter (G)
- Pronounced as (G) in most cases:
- Examples:
- go (يذهب) | game (لعبة) | great (عظيم)
- Pronounced as (J) when followed by e, i, y:
- Examples:
- germ (جرثومة) | giant (عملاق) | gym (نادي رياضي)
- Exceptions:
- get (يحصل) | give (يعطي) | girl (بنت)
- Silent in some words (e.g., sign, foreign).
- Letter (H)
- Silent after g, w, or before y:
- Examples:
- ghost (شبح) | white (أبيض) | rhyme (قافية)
- Letter (K)
- Silent when followed by n at the start of a word:
- Examples:
- knee (ركبة) | knife (سكين) | know (يعرف)
- Letter (L)
- Silent in some words after k, d, f:
- Examples:
- could (استطاع) | should (يجب) | half (نصف)
- Exceptions:
- hold (يمسك) | milk (حليب)
- Letter (P)
- Pronounced softly with a puff of air:
- Examples:
- paper (ورقة) | people (ناس)
- Silent after s in some words:
- Examples:
- psychology (علم النفس) | psoriasis (صداف)
- Letter (R)
- Pronounced differently from Arabic (ر):
- Examples:
- red (أحمر) | room (غرفة) | rice (أرز)
- Silent at the end of words in British English:
- Examples:
- teacher (مدرس) | mother (أم)
Summary Table of Silent Letters
Letter |
When Silent? |
Examples |
B |
After m (end of word) |
climb, lamb |
C |
After s |
scissors, muscle |
G |
Before n |
sign, foreign |
H |
After g, w |
ghost, white |
K |
Before n |
knife, know |
L |
After k, d, f |
could, half |
P |
After s |
psychology |
R |
End of word (British) |
teacher, mother |